Memento Design Pattern Tutorial
Welcome to my Memento Design Pattern Tutorial! The Memento design pattern provides a way to store previous states of an Object easily.
It has 3 main classes. Memento: The basic object that is stored in different states. Originator: Sets and Gets values from the currently targeted Memento. Creates new Mementos and assigns current values to them. Caretaker: Holds an ArrayList that contains all previous versions of the Memento. It can store and retrieve stored Mementos. All of the code is down below to help you learn.
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Code from the Memento Design Pattern Tutorial Video
MEMENTO.JAVA
// Memento Design Pattern
// Used stores an objects state at a point in time
// so it can be returned to that state later. It
// simply allows you to undo/redo changes on an Object
public class Memento {
// The article stored in memento Object
private String article;
// Save a new article String to the memento Object
public Memento(String articleSave) { article = articleSave; }
// Return the value stored in article
public String getSavedArticle() { return article; }
}
ORIGINATOR.JAVA
// Memento Design Pattern
public class Originator{
private String article;
// Sets the value for the article
public void set(String newArticle) {
System.out.println("From Originator: Current Version of Article\n"+newArticle+ "\n");
this.article = newArticle;
}
// Creates a new Memento with a new article
public Memento storeInMemento() {
System.out.println("From Originator: Saving to Memento");
return new Memento(article);
}
// Gets the article currently stored in memento
public String restoreFromMemento(Memento memento) {
article = memento.getSavedArticle();
System.out.println("From Originator: Previous Article Saved in Memento\n"+article + "\n");
return article;
}
}
CARETAKER.JAVA
// Memento Design Pattern Tutorial
import java.util.ArrayList;
class Caretaker {
// Where all mementos are saved
ArrayList<Memento> savedArticles = new ArrayList<Memento>();
// Adds memento to the ArrayList
public void addMemento(Memento m) { savedArticles.add(m); }
// Gets the memento requested from the ArrayList
public Memento getMemento(int index) { return savedArticles.get(index); }
}
TESTMEMENTO.JAVA
// Memento Design Pattern Tutorial
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.*;
public class TestMemento extends JFrame{
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestMemento();
}
private JButton saveBut, undoBut, redoBut;
// JTextArea(rows, columns)
private JTextArea theArticle = new JTextArea(40,60);
// ---------------------------------------------
// Create a caretaker that contains the ArrayList
// with all the articles in it. It can add and
// retrieve articles from the ArrayList
Caretaker caretaker = new Caretaker();
// The originator sets the value for the article,
// creates a new memento with a new article, and
// gets the article stored in the current memento
Originator originator = new Originator();
int saveFiles = 0, currentArticle = 0;
// ---------------------------------------------
public TestMemento(){
// Set basic information for the panel that will
// hold all the GUI elements
this.setSize(750,780);
this.setTitle("Memento Design Pattern");
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
JPanel panel1 = new JPanel();
// Add label to the panel
panel1.add(new JLabel("Article"));
// Add JTextArea to the panel
panel1.add(theArticle);
// Add the buttons & ButtonListeners to the panel
ButtonListener saveListener = new ButtonListener();
ButtonListener undoListener = new ButtonListener();
ButtonListener redoListener = new ButtonListener();
saveBut = new JButton("Save");
saveBut.addActionListener(saveListener);
undoBut = new JButton("Undo");
undoBut.addActionListener(undoListener);
redoBut = new JButton("Redo");
redoBut.addActionListener(redoListener);
panel1.add(saveBut);
panel1.add(undoBut);
panel1.add(redoBut);
// Add panel to the frame that shows on screen
this.add(panel1);
this.setVisible(true);
}
class ButtonListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if(e.getSource() == saveBut){
// Get text in JTextArea
String textInTextArea = theArticle.getText();
// Set the value for the current memento
originator.set(textInTextArea);
// Add new article to the ArrayList
caretaker.addMemento( originator.storeInMemento() );
// saveFiles monitors how many articles are saved
// currentArticle monitors the current article displayed
saveFiles++;
currentArticle++;
System.out.println("Save Files " + saveFiles);
// Make undo clickable
undoBut.setEnabled(true);
} else
if(e.getSource() == undoBut){
if(currentArticle >= 1){
// Decrement to the current article displayed
currentArticle--;
// Get the older article saved and display it in JTextArea
String textBoxString = originator.restoreFromMemento( caretaker.getMemento(currentArticle) );
theArticle.setText(textBoxString);
// Make Redo clickable
redoBut.setEnabled(true);
} else {
// Don't allow user to click Undo
undoBut.setEnabled(false);
}
} else
if(e.getSource() == redoBut){
if((saveFiles - 1) > currentArticle){
// Increment to the current article displayed
currentArticle++;
// Get the newer article saved and display it in JTextArea
String textBoxString = originator.restoreFromMemento( caretaker.getMemento(currentArticle) );
theArticle.setText(textBoxString);
// Make undo clickable
undoBut.setEnabled(true);
} else {
// Don't allow user to click Redo
redoBut.setEnabled(false);
}
}
}
}
}
9 Responses to “Memento Design Pattern Tutorial”
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- Design Patterns Cheat Sheet by Richard Sumilang - […] Memento Design Pattern: Useful for saving history states of an object. The object stored in state is referred to as…
We now have your memento 🙂
i love it !
Thank you 🙂
Thanks, good explanation.
You’re very welcome 🙂
Thank you, you helped me a lot!
Don’t you think to publish a book about Design patterns?
Do you have some JavaEE tutorial?
I wish if I’ll have a teacher like you in my class.
Cordially.
You’re are very welcome 🙂 The pleasure is all mine. It is very gratifying to be able to help others for me. I don’t think I’d ever publish a book just because I feel I can access the whole world online. I don’t have any interest in the money I might make.
I have not yet covered J2EE. I decided to cover Android in depth instead, but I definitely will cover that topic. I’ll be here as long as possible to teach.
“I don’t think I’d ever publish a book just because I feel I can access the whole world online.”
Thank you again 🙂
I have a question if you don’t mind;
I was looking on the net about the difference between Library, API and SDK?, but I couldn’t find a clear answer.
Would you please help me to make the difference?
if it’s possible, I would like some examples.
Thank you for your answer 🙂
Cordially.
A Software Development Kit (SDK) contains a bunch of tools that make it easy to create applications. Very often they contain a bunch of classes that rely on a bunch of hidden classes that simplify normally very complicated tasks.
An Application Programming Interface (API) specification provides an easy way to bounce around and learn about all the classes that are available for you to use.
A library, or package is just a bunch of classes that can be imported into your code for use.
I hope that helps
Derek