Ruby on Rails Tutorial 3
In this part of my Ruby on Rails tutorial, I cover how to create static pages, helper functions, shared layouts, how testing works and much more. A special emphasis will be paid to solving common errors with Rails. I’ll also show you how link_to works and how to use images.
If you missed the previous parts check those out first. A transcript of the whole tutorial follows the video below.
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Transcript from the Video
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1. If we want to generate static pages follow the controller name with the static pages to generate a. TERMINAL : rails generate controller Pages home about b. routes.rb is updated 1. get 'pages/home' get 'pages/about' c. class PagesController < ApplicationController def home end def help end end 1. When either page is called, code is executed in these methods and then the view is displayed. d. app/views/pages/about.html.erb view 1. <h1>About Us</h1> <p>We love what we do and do what we love.</p> <p> <a href="mailto:derekbanas@example.com? Subject=I%20need%20help"> Contact Derek for Help</a> </p> e. app/views/pages/home.html.erb view 1. <h1>Home</h1> <p>Welcome to our home page</p> 2. Testing 1. Tests allow us to simulate a user interacting with our application 2. Create tests that will secure your app, protect from known errors and protect code that is likely to change. 3. test/controllers/pages_controller_test.rb was generated a. require 'test_helper' class PagesControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase test "should get home" do get :home assert_response :success end test "should get about" do get :about assert_response :success end end 1. Issue a GET request for the home action and check that we receive a success status code response 4. TERMINAL : rake db:create --trace a. Create databases using settings in database.yml 5. TERMINAL : rake test a. Checks that all assertions are positive 6. Add this to pages_controller_test.rb a. test "should get directions" do get :directions assert_response :success end b. After TERMINAL : rake test 1. ActionController::UrlGenerationError: No route matches {:action=>"directions", :controller=>"pages"} 7. Add this to fix the route error a. get 'pages/directions' 1. TERMINAL : rake test a. AbstractController::ActionNotFound: The action 'directions' could not be found for PagesController 8. Add this to the PagesController a. def directions end 1. TERMINAL : rake test a. ActionView::MissingTemplate: Missing template pages/directions 9. Create directions.html.erb in /app/views/pages a. <h1>Directions</h1> <p>Directions to our place</p> 1. TERMINAL : rake test a. 0 errors SUCCESS 10. assert_select checks for the presence of an HTML tag on the page a. class PagesControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase test "should get home" do get :home assert_response :success assert_select "title", "Welcome" end test "should get about" do get :about assert_response :success assert_select "title", "About Us" end test "should get directions" do get :directions assert_response :success assert_select "title", "Directions" end end 1. TERMINAL : rake test a. 3 Failures <Directions> expected but was <Sampblog> <About Us> expected but was <Sampblog> <Welcome> expected but was <Sampblog> 2. Fix by adding the titles using provide at the top of each view a. <% provide(:title, "Welcome") %> <% provide(:title, "Directions") %> <% provide(:title, "About Us") %> 3. application.html.erb is the default layout used for every page. It puts what ever is in each page view between the body tags. We can use the value stored in the title symbol for each page with yield. a. <title><%= yield(:title) %></title> 4. TERMINAL : rake test a. 0 failures SUCCESS 3. Helper Functions a. We can define helper functions in app/helpers/application_helper.rb 1. module ApplicationHelper def get_season() # Object that retrieves date information # Also retrieve year, day, wday (0 - 6), yday (0 - 365), hour (24), min (59), sec (59), zone (Time Zone) time = Time.new if(time.month >= 3) && (time.month <= 5) "Yeah it is Spring" elsif (time.month > 5) && (time.month <= 8) "Everyone Loves Summer" elsif (time.month > 8) && (time.month <= 10) "Put on Your Coat because Fall is here" else "Yuck Winter" end end # Gives max_value a default value of 10 if no attribute is passed def get_random_number(max_value = 10) rand(max_value) end end 2. home.html.erb a. <% provide(:title, "Welcome") %> <h1>Home</h1> <p>Welcome to our home page</p> <p><%= get_season() %></p> <p><%= get_random_number(100) %></p> 3. # Using Arrays to generate random messages def get_random_welcome() opening = ["What a beautiful day. ", "Welcome to our site. ", "Thank you for stopping by. "] middle = ["We hope you find what you need. ", "We have a wide selection. ", "Check out our sale items. "] ending = ["Contact us if you need help. ", "We are here to server you. ", "Call us if you need to 412-555-1212. "] "#{opening[rand(3)]} #{middle[rand(3)]} #{ending[rand(3)]}" end a. Add to home.html.erb <p><%= get_random_welcome() %></p> 4. def count_to_10 x = 2 number_list = "1" loop do number_list = number_list + ", " + x.to_s x += 1 break if x > 10 end "#{number_list}" end a. Add to home.html.erb <p><%= count_to_10() %></p> 4. We can layout all of our pages in /app/views/layouts/application.html.erb a. <!DOCTYPE html> means we use HTML5 by default b. application.html.erb <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title><%= yield(:title) %></title> <%= stylesheet_link_tag 'application', media: 'all', 'data-turbolinks-track' => true %> <%= javascript_include_tag 'application', 'data-turbolinks-track' => true %> <%= csrf_meta_tags %> </head> <body> <div id="wrapper"> <header> <%= link_to image_tag("nttlogo.png", alt: "New Think Tank Logo"), {:controller => 'pages', :action => 'home'}, {:class => 'websiteLogo'} %> <%= link_to 'READIT' , {:controller => 'pages', :action => 'home'}, {:class => 'websiteTitle'} %> </header> <nav id="horzNav"> <p> <%= link_to 'Home', {:controller => 'pages', :action => 'home'} %> <%= link_to 'About', {:controller => 'pages', :action => 'about'} %> <%= link_to 'Directions', {:controller => 'pages', :action => 'directions'} %> <%= link_to 'Articles', {:controller => 'articles', :action => 'index'} %> <%= link_to 'Users', {:controller => 'users', :action => 'index'} %> </p> </nav> <main id="content"> <%= yield %> </main> </div> <!-- END OF WRAPPER --> </body> </html> c. /app/assets/images add nttlogo.png d. /app/assets/stylesheets/application.css a:hover { color: #007ebd; background-color: #FFF; } body { background: #5D8AA8; } div#wrapper{ margin:auto; background:white; width:800px; height:2000px; } header { display:block; /* Padding Top, Right, Bottom, Left */ padding: 10px 10px 30px 10px; } .websiteLogo{ float:left; text-decoration: none; } .websiteTitle { font-size: 50px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; display: inline; line-height: 90px; padding-left: 20px; } #horzNav { display:block; /* Padding Top, Right, Bottom, Left */ padding: 10px 20px 10px 10px; background: black; } #horzNav a { text-decoration: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; font-weight: bold; color: white; } #horzNav a:hover { background-color: black; color: #007ebd; } main { /* Padding Top, Right, Bottom, Left */ padding: 10px 20px 20px 20px; } |
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