CoffeeScript Tutorial
After my last video a bunch of people asked for a CoffeeScript tutorial and so I made one. CoffeeScript compiles into JavaScript and tries to improve on JavaScript in many ways. Many people prefer it because of how it improves classes and it is actually more popular then other high profile languages like Swift, Scala, Visual Basic and Lua.
I’ll cover the whole language in 2 videos starting with this one. I’ll show you how to set it up and then cover variables, Math, String operators, Conditionals, If, Else, Else If, Logical Operators, Ternary Operator, Switch, Unless, Existential Operator, and more here and the rest in the next video.
If you like videos like this, it would help me greatly if you’d support me on Patreon. I’ll start uploading exclusive content on Patreon starting this week.
Code From the Video
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# I'll use the NodeJS compiler to process CoffeeScript so download Node if you # don't have it here https://nodejs.org/en/ # Then in your terminal install CoffeeScript by typing # npm install -g coffee-script # You compile to a JS file with the same name but the js extension with # coffee --compile cstut.coffee # To auto compile use this in the terminal coffee -wc *.coffee ### Multiline Comment ### # ---------- INTRO ---------- # There is no var or semicolons in CoffeeScript # Variables in CoffeeScript are not global by default name = "Phil" # Get access to the element with the id csoutput csOutput = document.getElementById("csoutput") # Assign this string with the variable to it # Use double quotes for Interpolation csOutput.innerHTML = "Hello #{name}<br>" # ---------- VARIABLES ---------- # The data types are string, number, boolean, array, object, undefined # and null aString = "I'm a String" csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', 'aString is a String<br>') if typeof aString is 'string' largestNum = Number.MAX_VALUE smallestNum = Number.MIN_VALUE largeNumStr = "The largest number is #{largestNum}<br>" smallNumStr = "The smallest number is #{smallestNum}<br>" csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', largeNumStr) csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', smallNumStr) areYouHappy = no # Booleans have the value of (true, yes, or on) or (false, no, or off) csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', 'areYouHappy is a Boolean<br>') if typeof areYouHappy is 'boolean' # ---------- MATH ---------- csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "5 + 2 = #{5 + 2}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "5 - 2 = #{5 - 2}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "5 * 2 = #{5 * 2}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "5 / 2 = #{5 / 2}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "5 % 2 = #{5 % 2}<br>") # CS has 16 digits of precision precisionTest = 0.1000000000000001; csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Precision : #{precisionTest + 0.10000000000000011}<br>") # Round to 2 digits balance = 1563.87 csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Monthly Payment = #{(balance/12).toFixed(2)}<br>") # Shortcut for adding 1 randNum = 5 csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "randNum++ = #{randNum++}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "++randNum = #{++randNum}<br>") # Shortcut for subtracting 1 randNum = 5 csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "randNum-- = #{randNum--}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "--randNum = #{--randNum}<br>") # Order of operations csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "3 + 2 * 5 = #{3 + 2 * 5}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "(3 + 2) * 5 = #{(3 + 2) * 5}<br>") # Math properties and functions csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Math.E = #{Math.E}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Math.PI = #{Math.PI}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Math.abs(-8) = #{Math.abs(-8)}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Math.cbrt(1000) = #{Math.cbrt(1000)}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Math.ceil(6.45) = #{Math.ceil(6.45)}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Math.floor(6.45) = #{Math.floor(6.45)}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Math.round(6.45) = #{Math.round(6.45)}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Math.log(10) = #{Math.log(10)}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Math.log10(10) = #{Math.log10(10)}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Math.pow(4,2) = #{Math.pow(4,2)}<br>") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Math.sqrt(1000) = #{Math.sqrt(1000)}<br>") # Generate a random number randNum = Math.floor(Math.random() * 100) + 1 csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Random Number = #{randNum}<br>") # ---------- STRINGS ---------- fName = "Derek" lName = "Banas" # You can combine Strings with a + csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', fName + " " + lName + "<br>") longString = "This is a long string that goes on forever" # Get the String length csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "String Length : #{longString.length}<br>") # Get the index of a matching string csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Index of string : #{longString.indexOf("goes")}<br>") # Get a character at an index csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Index 8 : #{longString.charAt(8)}<br>") # Get a substring csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Word at 27 : #{longString.slice(27,31)}<br>") # Get everything after an index csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "After 27 : #{longString.slice(27)}<br>") # Replace a string with another longString = longString.replace("forever", "and on forever ") csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "New String : #{longString}<br>") # Convert a string into an Array strArray = longString.split(" ") # Output an array for x in strArray csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "#{x}<br>") # Trim whitespace longString = longString.trim() # Convert to all uppercase csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "#{longString.toUpperCase()}<br>") # Convert to all lowercase csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "#{longString.toLowerCase()}<br>") # ---------- CONDITIONALS ---------- # If works like JavaScript except with indentation and not curly brackets # Comparison operators are ==, !=, >, <, >=, <= # == and != in CS is the same as === and !== in JS age = 3 if age >= 18 # Insert text either beforebegin or beforeend csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', 'You can Vote<br>') if (age >= 16) csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', 'You can Drive also<br>') else if (age >= 16) csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', 'You can Drive<br>') else csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', 'You\'ll be 16 soon<br>') # Unless executes if the test returns false unless (age >= 19) csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', 'You are in school<br>') else csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', 'You may go to college<br>') # Logical operators are &&, || and ! hsGrad = true if !(age > 4) || (age > 65) csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', 'You don\'t go to school<br>') else if (age >= 5) && (age <= 6) csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', 'Go to Kindergarten<br>') else if (age > 6) && (age <= 18) schoolGrade = "Go to Grade #{age - 5}<br>" csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', schoolGrade) else csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', 'Go to Work<br>') # Ternary operator votingAge = if age > 18 then true else false csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Can Vote : #{votingAge}<br>") # Switch childAge = 7 switch childAge when 5 then csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', 'Go to Kindergarten<br>') when 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 then csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', 'Go to Elementary School<br>') else csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', 'Go to Someplace<br>') # Do something if the variable has a value if age? csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "#{age} years old<br>") # The existential operator can also assign 1 value if it exists or # another if not chicken = null chickenName = chicken ? "Fred" csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "Chickens Name : #{chickenName}<br>") # We can stack conditions hat = "Winter Hat" coat = "Winter Coat" gloves = null # Only execute if we have a hat and coat # If null output '?' instead of null if hat? and coat? csOutput.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', "#{hat} #{coat} #{gloves ? '?'}<br>") |
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