In this part of my Learn to Program tutorial I will continue teaching how to program through solving programming problems. We will cover Exception Handling, Do While Loops, the Math Module, the Decimal Module, Strings, and a whole lot more.
If you missed the first part watch it first or you may be confused. All of the code follows the video below. The goal is to learn how common problems are solved so don’t worry if you get them wrong.
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Code & Transcript
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# ---------- FORCE USER TO ENTER A NUMBER ---------- # By giving the while a value of True it will cycle until a break is reached while True: # If we expect an error can occur surround potential error with try try: number = int(input("Please enter a number : ")) break # The code in the except block provides an error message to set things right # We can either target a specific error like ValueError except ValueError: print("You didn't enter a number") # We can target all other errors with a default except: print("An unknown error occurred") print("Thank you for entering a number") # ---------- Problem : Implement a Do While Loop ---------- # Now I want you to implement a Do While loop in Python # They always execute all of the code at least once and at # the end check if a condition is true that would warrant # running the code again. They have this format # do { # ... Bunch of code ... # } while(condition) # I'll create a guessing game in which the user must chose # a number between 1 and 10 of the following format ''' Guess a number between 1 and 10 : 1 Guess a number between 1 and 10 : 3 Guess a number between 1 and 10 : 5 Guess a number between 1 and 10 : 7 You guessed it ''' # Hint : You'll need a while and break secret_number = 7 while True: guess = int(input("Guess a number between 1 and 10 : ")) if guess == secret_number: print("You guessed it") break # ---------- MATH MODULE ---------- # Python provides many functions with its Math module import math # Because you used import you access methods by referencing the module print("ceil(4.4) = ", math.ceil(4.4)) print("floor(4.4) = ", math.floor(4.4)) print("fabs(-4.4) = ", math.fabs(-4.4)) # Factorial = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 print("factorial(4) = ", math.factorial(4)) # Return remainder of division print("fmod(5,4) = ", math.fmod(5,4)) # Receive a float and return an int print("trunc(4.2) = ", math.trunc(4.2)) # Return x^y print("pow(2,2) = ", math.pow(2,2)) # Return the square root print("sqrt(4) = ", math.sqrt(4)) # Special values print("math.e = ", math.e) print("math.pi = ", math.pi) # Return e^x print("exp(4) = ", math.factorial(4)) # Return the natural logarithm e * e * e ~= 20 so log(20) tells # you that e^3 ~= 20 print("log(20) = ", math.log(20)) # You can define the base and 10^3 = 1000 print("log(1000,10) = ", math.log(1000,10)) # You can also use base 10 like this print("log10(1000) = ", math.log10(1000)) # We have the following trig functions # sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2, asinh, acosh, # atanh, sinh, cosh, tanh # Convert radians to degrees and vice versa print("degrees(1.5708) = ", math.degrees(1.5708)) print("radians(90) = ", math.radians(90)) # ---------- ACCURATE FLOATING POINT CALCULATIONS ---------- # The decimal module provides for more accurate floating point calculations # With from you can reference methods without the need to reference the module # like we had to do with math above # We create an alias being D here to avoid conflicts with methods with # the same name from decimal import Decimal as D sum = D(0) sum += D("0.01") sum += D("0.01") sum += D("0.01") sum -= D("0.03") print("Sum = ", sum) # ---------- STRINGS ---------- # Text is stored using the string data type # You can use type to see the data type of a value print(type(3)) print(type(3.14)) # Single quotes or double are both used for strings print(type("3")) print(type('3')) samp_string = "This is a very important string" # Each character is stored in a series of boxes labeled with index numbers # You can get a character by referencing an index print(samp_string[0]) # Get the last character print(samp_string[-1]) # Get the last character print(samp_string[3+5]) # Get the string length print("Length :", len(samp_string)) # Get a slice by saying where to start and end # The 4th index isn't returned print(samp_string[0:4]) # Get everything starting at an index print(samp_string[8:]) # Join or concatenate strings with + print("Green " + "Eggs") # Repeat strings with * print("Hello " * 5) # Convert an int into a string num_string = str(4) # Cycle through each character with for for char in samp_string: print(char) # Cycle through characters in pairs # Subtract 1 from the length because length is 1 more then the highest index # because strings are 0 indexed # Use range starting at index 0 through string length and increment by # 2 each time through for i in range(0, len(samp_string)-1, 2): print(samp_string[i] + samp_string[i+1]) # Computers assign characters with a number known as a Unicode # A-Z have the numbers 65-90 and a-z 97-122 # You can get the Unicode code with ord() print("A =", ord("A")) # You can convert from Unicode with chr print("65 =", chr(65)) # ---------- PROBLEM : SECRET STRING ---------- # Receive a uppercase string and then hide its meaning by turning # it into a string of unicodes # Then translate it from unicode back into its original meaning norm_string = input("Enter a string to hide in uppercase: ") secret_string = "" # Cycle through each character in the string for char in norm_string: # Store each character code in a new string secret_string += str(ord(char)) print("Secret Message :", secret_string) norm_string = "" # Cycle through each character code 2 at a time by incrementing by # 2 each time through since unicodes go from 65 to 90 for i in range(0, len(secret_string)-1, 2): # Get the 1st and 2nd for the 2 digit number char_code = secret_string[i] + secret_string[i+1] # Convert the codes into characters and add them to the new string norm_string += chr(int(char_code)) print("Original Message :", norm_string) # ---------- SUPER AWESOME MIND SCRAMBLING PROBLEM ---------- # Make the above work with upper and lowercase with 1 addition and # 1 subtraction # Add these 2 changes # secret_string += str(ord(char) - 23) # norm_string += chr(int(char_code) + 23) |
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