Learn to Program 9
In this part of my Learn to Program series we learn about Classes, Objects, Self, __init__, Getters, Setters, Properties, and then create 2 warriors that fight to the death. It is the beginning knowledge we will eventually use to make awesome games.
All of the code along with a transcript of the video follows the video below. If you missed previous tutorials they start here.
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Code & Transcript
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# ---------- LEARN TO PROGRAM 9 ---------- # Real world objects have attributes and capabilities # A dog for example has the attributes of height, weight # favorite food, etc. # It has the capability to run, bark, scratch, etc. # In object oriented programming we model real world objects # be defining the attributes (fields) and capabilities (methods) # that they have. # A class is the template used to model these objects # Here we will model a Dog object class Dog: # The init method is called to create an object # We give default values for the fields if none # are provided def __init__(self, name="", height=0, weight=0): # self allows an object to refer to itself # It is like how you refer to yourself with my # We will take the values passed in and assign # them to the new Dog objects fields (attributes) self.name = name self.height = height self.weight = weight # Define what happens when the Dog is asked to # demonstrate its capabilities def run(self): print("{} the dog runs".format(self.name)) def eat(self): print("{} the dog eats".format(self.name)) def bark(self): print("{} the dog barks".format(self.name)) def main(): # Create a new Dog object spot = Dog("Spot", 66, 26) spot.bark() bowser = Dog() main() # ---------- GETTERS & SETTERS ---------- # Getters and Setters are used to protect our objects # from assigning bad fields or for providing improved # output class Square: def __init__(self, height="0", width="0"): self.height = height self.width = width # This is the getter @property def height(self): print("Retrieving the height") # Put a __ before this private field return self.__height # This is the setter @height.setter def height(self, value): # We protect the height from receiving a bad value if value.isdigit(): # Put a __ before this private field self.__height = value else: print("Please only enter numbers for height") # This is the getter @property def width(self): print("Retrieving the width") return self.__width # This is the setter @width.setter def width(self, value): if value.isdigit(): self.__width = value else: print("Please only enter numbers for width") def getArea(self): return int(self.__width) * int(self.__height) def main(): aSquare = Square() height = input("Enter height : ") width = input("Enter width : ") aSquare.height = height aSquare.width = width print("Height :", aSquare.height) print("Width :", aSquare.width) print("The Area is :", aSquare.getArea()) main() # ---------- WARRIORS BATTLE ---------- # We will create a game with this sample output ''' Sam attacks Paul and deals 9 damage Paul is down to 10 health Paul attacks Sam and deals 7 damage Sam is down to 7 health Sam attacks Paul and deals 19 damage Paul is down to -9 health Paul has Died and Sam is Victorious Game Over ''' # We will create a Warrior & Battle class import random import math # Warriors will have names, health, and attack and block maximums # They will have the capabilities to attack and block random amounts class Warrior: def __init__(self, name="warrior", health=0, attkMax=0, blockMax=0): self.name = name self.health = health self.attkMax = attkMax self.blockMax = blockMax def attack(self): # Randomly calculate the attack amount # random() returns a value from 0.0 to 1.0 attkAmt = self.attkMax * (random.random() + .5) return attkAmt def block(self): # Randomly calculate how much of the attack was blocked blockAmt = self.blockMax * (random.random() + .5) return blockAmt # The Battle class will have the capability to loop until 1 Warrior dies # The Warriors will each get a turn to attack each turn class Battle: def startFight(self, warrior1, warrior2): # Continue looping until a Warrior dies switching back and # forth as the Warriors attack each other while True: if self.getAttackResult(warrior1, warrior2) == "Game Over": print("Game Over") break if self.getAttackResult(warrior2, warrior1) == "Game Over": print("Game Over") break # A function will receive each Warrior that will attack the other # Have the attack and block amounts be integers to make the results clean # Output the results of the fight as it goes # If a Warrior dies return that result to end the looping in the # above function # Make this method static because we don't need to use self @staticmethod def getAttackResult(warriorA, warriorB): warriorAAttkAmt = warriorA.attack() warriorBBlockAmt = warriorB.block() damage2WarriorB = math.ceil(warriorAAttkAmt - warriorBBlockAmt) warriorB.health = warriorB.health - damage2WarriorB print("{} attacks {} and deals {} damage".format(warriorA.name, warriorB.name, damage2WarriorB)) print("{} is down to {} health".format(warriorB.name, warriorB.health)) if warriorB.health <= 0: print("{} has Died and {} is Victorious".format(warriorB.name, warriorA.name)) return "Game Over" else: return "Fight Again" def main(): # Create 2 Warriors paul = Warrior("Paul", 50, 20, 10) sam = Warrior("Sam", 50, 20, 10) # Create Battle object battle = Battle() # Initiate Battle battle.startFight(paul, sam) main() |
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