Learn to Program 20
In this part of my Learn to Program series I’ll start a multi-part tutorial on developing GUI interfaces with TkInter and Python. We’ll look at root, Ttk, Button, Entry, Label, Frame, Checkbutton, TkInter Event Handling, mainLoop(), StringVar, the Pack Geometry Manager, the Grid Geometry Manager and more.
If you missed previous videos they start here. All of the code and a transcript follow the video below.
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Code & Transcript
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# We are going to learn how to create Graphical User # Interfaces (GUIs) with Tk # Tk is a cross platform GUI toolkit that provides a # ton of Widgets (Buttons, Scrollbars, etc.) that are # used to build GUIs # TkInter (tee-kay-inter) is included since Python 3.1 on Macs, # Windows and Linux # TkInter is a Python interface for Tk from tkinter import * from tkinter import ttk # Test to see if TkInter is working # tkinter._test() # ---------- HELLO WORLD ---------- # root is the main window that surrounds your interface # This creates a Tk object root = Tk() # Give your app a title root.title("First GUI") # Put a button in the window # Components like button are called Widgets ttk.Button(root, text="Hello TkInter").grid() # This keeps the root window visible and your program # running root.mainloop() # ---------- MULTIPLE COMPONENTS ---------- # Some of the different Widgets : Button, Label, # Canvas, Menu, Text, Scale, OptionMenu, Frame, # CheckButton, LabelFrame, MenuButton, PanedWindow, # Entry, ListBox, Message, RadioButton, ScrollBar, # Bitmap, SpinBox, Image root = Tk() # Frame widgets surround other widgets frame = Frame(root) # We'll use a TkInter variable for our label text # so we can change it with set labelText = StringVar() # Create a label and button object # You can set attributes on creation or by calling # methods label = Label(frame, textvariable=labelText) button = Button(frame, text="Click Me") # Change the label text labelText.set("I am a label") # Pack positions the widgets in the window # It is a simple geometry manager label.pack() button.pack() frame.pack() root.mainloop() # ---------- PACK GEOMETRY MANAGER ---------- # Pack positions widgets by allowing them to define # their position (Top, Right, Bottom, Left) and # their fill direction (X, Y, BOTH, NONE) inside # of a box root = Tk() frame = Frame(root) # Define where the widgets should be placed and # how they should be stretched to fill the space Label(frame, text="A Bunch of Buttons").pack() Button(frame, text="B1").pack(side=LEFT, fill=Y) Button(frame, text="B2").pack(side=TOP, fill=X) Button(frame, text="B3").pack(side=RIGHT, fill=X) Button(frame, text="B4").pack(side=LEFT, fill=X) frame.pack() root.mainloop() # ---------- GRID GEOMETRY MANAGER ---------- # The Grid manager is the most useful using a series # of rows and columns for laying out widgets # Each cell can only hold 1 widget, but a widget # can cover multiple cells. root = Tk() # rows start at 0, 1, ... # columns start at 0, 1, ... # sticky defines how the widget expands (N, NE, E, SE, # S, SW, W, NW) # padx and pady provide padding around the widget above # and below it Label(root, text="First Name").grid(row=0, sticky=W, padx=4) Entry(root).grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=E, pady=4) Label(root, text="Last Name").grid(row=1, sticky=W, padx=4) Entry(root).grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=E, pady=4) Button(root, text="Submit").grid(row=3) root.mainloop() # ---------- GRID EXAMPLE 2 ---------- root = Tk() Label(root, text="Description").grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=W) Entry(root, width=50).grid(row=0, column=1) Button(root, text="Submit").grid(row=0, column=8) Label(root, text="Quality").grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W) Radiobutton(root, text="New", value=1).grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=W) Radiobutton(root, text="Good", value=2).grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=W) Radiobutton(root, text="Poor", value=3).grid(row=4, column=0, sticky=W) Radiobutton(root, text="Damaged", value=4).grid(row=5, column=0, sticky=W) Label(root, text="Benefits").grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=W) Checkbutton(root, text="Free Shipping").grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=W) Checkbutton(root, text="Bonus Gift").grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=W) root.mainloop() # ---------- TKINTER EVENTS ---------- def get_sum(event): # Get the value stored in the entries num1 = int(num1Entry.get()) num2 = int(num2Entry.get()) sum = num1 + num2 # Delete the value in the entry sumEntry.delete(0, "end") # Insert the sum into the entry sumEntry.insert(0, sum) root = Tk() num1Entry = Entry(root) num1Entry.pack(side=LEFT) Label(root, text="+").pack(side=LEFT) num2Entry = Entry(root) num2Entry.pack(side=LEFT) equalButton = Button(root, text="=") # When the left mouse button is clicked call the # function get_sum equalButton.bind("<Button-1>", get_sum) equalButton.pack(side=LEFT) sumEntry = Entry(root) sumEntry.pack(side=LEFT) root.mainloop() |
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