In this tutorial I cover basically everything you’d learn in a 500 page book on MATLAB in a video that is just over 1 hour! So many topics are covered, but this is an abbreviated list : Input, Data Types, Casting, Math Functions, Conditionals, Vectors, Matrices, Looping, Cell Arrays, Strings, Structures, Tables, File I/O, Functions, Recursion, OOP, Plotting and more.

A transcript and cheat sheet follows the video below. Use it as you pause your way through the video for best results.

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Cheat Sheet Transcript

% Keeps the output compact
format compact

% To stop execution in command window Ctrl + c

% ----- GETTING USER INPUT -----
% Receive string input by using 's'
% The ; suppresses showing the variable assignment
% name = input("What's your name : ", 's');
% Checks to make sure the user entered something
% if ~isempty(vInput)
% %s puts the string value in the output
% fprintf("Hello %s\n", name)
% end

% You can receive vectors
% vInput = input("Enter a vector : ");
% disp(vInput)

% ----- VARIABLES -----
%{ 
Variables start with a letter and then numbers and _
Data types are classes which also have associated 
methods for working with that data
Types include int8, int16, int32, int64, char, logical,
double, single(generic int) and unsigned uint8, ...
%}

% chars hold single characters
c1 = 'A'

% class displays the data type
class(c1)

% You can store strings in single quotes
s1 = 'A string'
class(s1)

% Booleans map true to 1 and false to 0
5 > 2
b1 = true

% Show max & min values
intmin('int8')
intmax('int8')
% Largest double
realmax
% Largest int
realmax('single')

% You can continue expressions using ...
% Suppress output with a ;
v1 = 1 + 2 + 3 ...
+ 4;

% ----- CASTING -----
% Everything defaults to double
v2 = 8
class(v2)

% Cast to int8
v3 = int8(v2)
class(v3)

% Convert char to double
v4 = double('A')

% Convert to char
v5 = char(64)

% ----- MATH OPERATORS & SPRINTF -----
% sprintf formats a string
% %d : Integers, %f : Floats, %e : exponential notation
% %c : Characters, %s : Strings

fprintf('5 + 4 = %d\n', 5 + 4)
fprintf('5 - 4 = %d\n', 5 - 4)
fprintf('5 * 4 = %d\n', 5 * 4)

% Define you want only 2 decimals
fprintf('5 / 4 = %0.2f\n', 5 / 4)

% Exponentiation
fprintf('5^4 = %d\n', 5^4) 

% Modulus (Escape % by doubling)
fprintf('5 %% 4 = %d\n', mod(5,4))

% Generate a random value between 10 & 20
randi([10,20])

% Precision is accurate to 15 digits by default
bF = 1.1111111111111111
bF2 = bF + 0.1111111111111111
fprintf("bF2 = %0.16f\n", bF2)

% ----- MATH FUNCTIONS -----
% help elfun shows a list

fprintf('abs(-1) = %d\n', abs(-1)) 
fprintf('floor(2.45) = %d\n', floor(2.45)) 
fprintf('ceil(2.45) = %d\n', ceil(2.45))
fprintf('round(2.45) = %d\n', round(2.45))
fprintf('exp(1) = %f\n', exp(1)) % e^x
fprintf('log(100) = %f\n', log(100))
fprintf('log10(100) = %f\n', log10(100))
fprintf('log2(100) = %f\n', log2(100))
fprintf('sqrt(100) = %f\n', sqrt(100))
fprintf('90 Deg to Radians = %f\n', deg2rad(90))

% ----- CONDITIONALS -----
% Relational Operators : >, <, >=, <=, == and ~=
% Logical Operators : ||, &&, ~ (Not)

age = 12
if age >= 5 && age <= 6
    disp("You're in Kindergarten")
elseif age >= 7 && age <= 13
    disp("You're in Middle School")
elseif age >= 14 && age <= 18
    disp("You're in High School")
else
    disp("Stay Home")
end

true || false
~true

% Switch is used when you have a limited number of 
% options
switch age
    case 5
        disp("Go to Kindergarten")
    case num2cell(6:13)
        disp("Go to Middle School")
    case {14,15,16,17,18}
        disp("Go to High School")
    otherwise
        disp("Stay Home")
end

% ----- VECTORS -----
% Vectors are either row or column vectors or 
% 1 dimensional arrays
vt1 = [5 3 2 1]

% Elements in vector
vL = length(vt1)

% Sort in ascending order or (, 'descend')
vt1 = sort(vt1)

% Create a range
vt2 = 5:10

% Create a range with a step
vt3 = 2:2:10

% Concatenate vectors
vt4 = [vt1 vt2]

% Get a value with an index starting at 1
vt4(1)

% Get the last value
vtEnd = vt4(end)

% Change a value
vt4(1) = 12

% Add to the end (0 is added to indexes between)
vt4(11) = 33

% Get 1st 3 values
vt4(1:3)

% Get 2, 4th and 6th
vt4([2 4 6])

% Create a column vector
vt5 = [2;3;4]
% And another row
vt6 = [1 2 3]

% Vector multiplication
% We need a column and row vector
% Multiply vt6(1,1) by each row in vt5(1,:)
vtMult = vt5 * vt6

% Dot Product
% (1*4) + (5*2) + (3*6) = 32
vt7 = [4 5 6]
% ' Tranposes the vector
vtDotP = vt6 * vt7'
% The dot function does the same
vtDotP2 = dot(vt6, vt7)

% Cross Product
% [a1, a2, a3] [b1, b2, b3]
% (1,1) = (a2*b3) - (a3*b2)
% (1,1) = (2*6) - (3*5) = -3
% (2,1) = (a3*b1) - (a1*b3)
% (3,1) = (a1*b2) - (a2*b1)
vtCross = cross(vt6, vt7)

% Create linearly spaced vector with for elements 
% between 1 and 20
vt8 = linspace(1,20,4)

% Logarithmically spaced vector 10^1, 10^2, 10^3
vt9 = logspace(1,3,3)

% ----- MATRICES -----
% Matrices have rows and columns
m1 = [2 3 4; 4 6 8]

% Number of values in a row
mNRV = length(m1)

% Total number of values
mNV = numel(m1)

% Get row and column size
mS = size(m1)

% Store rows and columns in different variables
[nRows, nCols] = size(m1)

% Generate random matrix with 2 rows between 10 & 20
m2 = randi([10,20], 2)

% Use row then column to get a value
m2(1,2)

% Change a value
m2(1,2) = 22

% Change all row values
m2(1,:) = 25

% Change all column values
m2(:,1) = 36

% Get 1st value in the last row
mR1Last = m2(end,1)

% Get the 2nd value in last column
MR2Last = m2(2,end)

% Delete the 2nd column
m2(:,2)

% ----- LOOPING -----
% For loop
for i = 1:10
    disp(i)
end

% Decrement and stepping
for i = 10:-1:0
    disp(i)
end

% Specify values
for i = [2 3 4]
    disp(i)
end

% Cycle through a matrix
m4 = [2 3 4; 4 6 8]
for i = 1:2
    for j = 1:3
        disp(m4(i,j))
    end
end

% Cycle through a vector
lVect = [6 7 8]
for i = 1:length(lVect)
    disp(lVect(i))
end

% While loop
i = 1
 
% Print out only evens
while i < 20
    if (mod(i,2)) == 0
        disp(i)
        
        % MatLab doesn't have ++, +=
        i = i + 1;
        
        % Skip back to the top of the loop
        continue 
    end
 
    i = i + 1;
 
    if i >= 10
        
        % Leave the loop
        break 
    end
end

% ----- MATRIX FUNCTIONS -----
m3 = [2 3 4; 4 6 8; 8 12 16; 16 24 32]

% You can added, subtract, etc. matrice
m4 = [1:3; 4:6]
m5 = [2:4; 5:7]

m4 + m5
m4 .* m5

% Functions perform operations on each value
sqrt(m3)
m3 = m3 * 2

% Sum adds all the columns
sum(m3)

% Matrix Multiplication
% Columns of m6 must equal rows in m7
m6 = [1 2 3;
    4 5 6]

m7 = [1 1 1 1;
    2 2 2 2;
    3 3 3 3]

% m8(1,1) = (1*1) + (2*2) + (3*3) = 14
m8 = m6 * m7

% Check how many values are greater then 3
gT3M = m4 > 3
sum(gT3M, 'all')

% Check for equality
isequal(m4, m5)

% Find matching value indexes
find(m3 > 24)

% Multiply column values
prod(m3)

% 1st row stays the same and each after is a sum of
% the proceeding and current row
% cumsum(m3, 'reverse') starts in opposite order
cumsum(m3)

% Like cumsum, but with multiplication
cumprod(m3)

% Flip 1st column to last
fliplr(m3)

% Flip rows
flipud(m3)

% Rotate 90 degrees
rot90(m3)

% Rotate 180 degrees
rot90(m3,2)

% Convert into a 2 x 6 matrix
reshape(m3, 2, 6) 

% Duplicate matrix into new matrix 2 rows by 1 column
repmat(m3, 2, 1)

% Duplicates elements into new matrix 2 rows for each value
repelem(m3, 2, 1)

% ----- CELL ARRAYS -----
% Stores values of different types
cA1 = {'Doug Smith', 34, [25 8 19]}

% Define the number of spaces to set aside
cA2 = cell(5)

% Get by index
cA1{1}
cA1{3}(2)

% Add more data
cA1{4} = 'Patty Smith'

% Get size
length(cA1)

% Delete a value
cA1(4) = []

% Output
for i = 1:length(cA1)
    disp(cA1{i})
end

% Cell Array to char matrix
cA3 = {'Doug' 'Patty'}
nameMat = char(cA3)

% Char array to cell array
cA4 = cellstr(nameMat)

% ----- STRINGS -----
% Strings are vectors of characters 
str1 = 'I am a string'

% Get length
length(str1)

% Character at index
str1(1)

% Get substring
str1(3:4)

% Join strings (Escape ' with '')
str2 = strcat(str1, ' that''s longer')

% Find all index matches for a string
strfind(str2, 'a')

% Replace any matches
strrep(str2, 'longer', 'bigger')

% Split string using delimiter ' '
strArray = strsplit(str1, ' ')
class(strArray)
strArray(1)

% Convert cell array into a string
cA5 = {'I' 'like' 'chickens'}
str3 = strjoin(cA5)

% Integer to string
nStr = int2str(99)

% Float to str
fStr = num2str(3.14)

% Compare for equality
strcmp(str1, str2)

% Check if is a character
isletter('num 2')

% Check if all are letters 
% ('alphanum' letters or numbers)
isstrprop('word2', 'alpha')

% Is it a string
ischar('Some words 2')

% Sort ascending (, 'descend')
sort(str3)

% Delete whitespace
strtrim(str1)

% Uppercase & lowercase
lower(str1)
upper(str1)

% ----- STRUCTURES -----
% Custom data type that stores related data in fields
dougSmith = struct('name', 'Doug Smith', ...
    'age', 34, 'purchases', [12 23])

% Access data
disp(dougSmith.age)

% Add a field
dougSmith.wife = 'Patty Smith'

% Remove a field
dougSmith = rmfield(dougSmith, 'wife')

% Check for a field
isfield(dougSmith, 'wife')

% Get fields
fieldnames(dougSmith)

% Store structs in a vector
customers(1) = dougSmith
sallySmith = struct('name', 'Sally Smith', ...
    'age', 34, 'purchases', [18])
customers(2) = sallySmith

% Get data
disp(customers(2).name)


% ----- TABLES -----
% Tables are labeled rows of data in a table format
name = {'Jim'; 'Pam'; 'Dwight'};
age = [28; 27; 31];
salary = [35000; 26000; 75000];
id = {'1', '2', '3'};

% RowNames defines the name used for each row
employees = table(name, age, salary, 'RowName', id)

% Get avg salary
meanSalary = mean(employees.salary)

% Add column of data
employees.vDays = [10; 14; 16]

% Show just 2 by id
employees({'1', '2'},:)

% Get by name
employees(ismember(employees.name,{'Jim' 'Dwight'}), :)


% ----- FILE IO -----
% Generate a random 8x8 matrix between 10 & 50
randM = randi([10,50], 8)

% Save the file as a text file and overwrite
save sampdata.dat randM -ascii

% Read the data into a matrix with the same name as
% the data file
load sampdata.dat
disp(sampdata)

% Display file data
type sampdata.dat

% Saving variables to a file
% save yourfile (saves every variable)
save myData

% Read file
load myData
who

% Append data
v4 = 123
save -append myData v4

% ----- OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING -----
% Real world objects have attributes (height, weight)
% & capabilities (run, eat). Classes model real
% world objects by storing attributes as properties
% and model capabilities using methods
% A class as a blueprint then creates objects
% Classes must be created in their own file with
% class name == file name

a1 = Shape(10, 20);
disp(a1)
Shape.setGetNumShapes
a1.getArea

a2 = Shape(5, 10)
disp(a2)
Shape.setGetNumShapes

a1 > a2

a3 = Trapezoid(10, 4, 6);
disp(a3)
a3.getArea

%{
% ----- ANONYMOUS FUNCTIONS -----
% Anonymous functions are one line functions
% nameOfFunc = @ (attr) functionBody;
cubeVol = @ (l, w, h) l * w * h;
cV = cubeVol(2,2,2)

% Pass function to function
mult3 = @ (x) x * 3;
sol = doMath(mult3, 4)

% Return a function
mult4 = doMath2(4);
sol2 = mult4(5)

% ----- RECURSIVE FUNCTIONS -----
% Recursive functions call themselves
% Calculate factorial
% 1st : result = 4 * factorial(3) = 4 * 6 = 24
% 2nd : result = 3 * factorial(2) = 3 * 2 = 6
% 3rd : result = 2 * factorial(1) = 2 * 1 = 2

fact4 = factorial(4)


% ----- FUNCTIONS -----
% Get cylinder volume
% tic toc is used to calculate how long it took
% for code to execute
tic 
cylinderVol(20, 30)
toc

% Try to change a variable value in a function
changeMe = 5
changeVal()
disp(changeMe)

% Function with no arguments
getRandomNum

% Return more then 1 value
[coneV, cylVol] = getVols(10,20)

% eval will execute code saved as a string
toExecute = sprintf("total = %d + %d", 5, 4)
eval(toExecute)

% Except a variable number of arguments
theSum = getSum(1, 2, 3, 4)

% Return a variable number of values
listOfNums = getNumbers(10)

% Create a function that finds the volume of a cylinder
% function returnVar = funcName(arguments)
function vol = cylinderVol(radius, height)
vol = pi * radius^2 * height
end

% Try to change a variable value in a function
% If you return nothing leave it out
function changeVal()
% This is a local or variable specific to the function
changeMe = 10
class(changeMe)
end

% Return a random value
function randNum = getRandomNum
randNum = randi([1,100])
end

% Return multiple volumes
function [coneVol, cylinVol] = getVols(radius, height)
cylinVol = pi * radius^2 * height
coneVol = 1/3 * cylinVol
end

% Variable arguments stored in varargin
function sum = getSum(varargin)
sum = 0;
% Cycle through contents while adding
for k = 1:length(varargin)
    sum = sum + varargin{k}(1);
end
end

% Returns a variable number of values
function [varargout] = getNumbers(howMany)
for k = 1:howMany
    varargout{1}(k) = k;
end
end

% Receives a function
function sol = doMath(func, num)
sol = func(num);
end

% Return a function
function func = doMath2(num)
func = @(x) x * num;
end

function val = factorial(num)
% Every recursive function must reach a point
% where it no longer makes a function call
if num == 1
    val = 1;
else
    val = num * factorial(num - 1);
end
end

%}

%{
% ----- PLOTTING -----
% Define x & y values
xVals = 1:5
yVals = [2 4 8 5 9]
yVals2 = [1 5 7 6 8]

% Creates window labeled figure 1 with plot
figure(1)

% Colors : blue(b), black(k), cyan(c), green(g), 
% magenta(m), red(r), yellow(y), white(w)
% Plot Symbols : . o x + * s d v ^ < > p h
% Line Types : -, :, -., - -

% Green dotted line with + at points 2 line width
plot(xVals, yVals, 'g+:','LineWidth',2)

% Draw over previous plot
hold on

% Draw black stars on points
plot(xVals, yVals2, 'k*')

% Defines look of each plot
legend('yVals', 'yVals2')

% Show grid
grid on

% Define x & y lables & Title
xlabel('Days')
ylabel('Money')
title('Money made Today')

% Creates window labeled figure 2 with bar chart
figure(2)
bar(xVals, yVals, 'r')
%}

% ——- Shape & Trapezoid ——-
classdef Shape
    properties
        height
        width
    end
    % Static methods and properties are shared by
    % all Shape objects
    methods(Static)
        function out = setGetNumShapes(data)
            % This value is shared by all objects
            persistent Var;
            % Give Var a default value
            if isempty(Var)
                Var = 0;
            end
            
            % If you receive a value assign it
            if nargin
                Var = Var + data;
            end
            
            % Return the stored value
            out = Var;
        end
    end
    methods
        % This constructor is called when a shape
        % is created
        function obj = Shape(height, width)
            obj.height = height;
            obj.width = width;
            % Increment number of shapes
            obj.setGetNumShapes(1);
        end
        
        % Overload the disp function
        function disp(obj)
            fprintf('Height : %.2f / Width : %.2f\n', ...
                obj.height, obj.width);
        end
        
        function area = getArea(obj)
            area = obj.height * obj.width;
        end
        
        % Overload the gt operator
        % Others to overload
        % mathworks.com/help/matlab/matlab_oop/implementing-operators-for-your-class.html
        function tf = gt(obja, objb)
            tf = obja.getArea > objb.getArea
        end
    end
    
end
% Reference the superclass to inherit from
classdef Trapezoid < Shape
    properties
        width2
    end
    
    methods
        % This constructor is called when a trapezoid
        % is created
        function obj = Trapezoid(height, width, width2)
            % Have superclass initialize
            obj@Shape(height, width);
            obj.width2 = width2;
        end
        
        % Overload changed functions
        function disp(obj)
            fprintf('Height : %.2f / Width1 : %.2f / Width2 : %.2f\n', ...
                obj.height, obj.width, obj.width2);
        end
        
        function area = getArea(obj)
            area = (obj.height/2) * (obj.width + obj.width2);
        end
    end
end